Some Thoughts on Language Diversity, UG and the Importance of Language Typology - Einzelansicht

Funktionen:

Veranstaltungsart	Vorlesung	Veranstaltungsnummer
SWS	2	Semester	WiSe 2017/18
Einrichtung	Institut für Slavistik	Sprache	deutsch
Weitere Links	Kommentar
Belegungsfristen	04.10.2017 - 20.11.2017 Belegung über PULS
Belegungsfristen	04.10.2017 - 10.11.2017 Belegung über PULS

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		Tag	Zeit	Rhythmus	Dauer	Raum	Lehrperson	Ausfall-/Ausweichtermine	Max. Teilnehmer/-innen
	Vorlesung	Mi	10:00 bis 12:00	wöchentlich	18.10.2017 bis 07.02.2018	1.22.0.37	Prof. Dr. Kosta	27.12.2017: Akademische Weihnachtsferien 03.01.2018: Akademische Weihnachtsferien

Kommentar	Für weitere Informationen zum Kommentar, zur Literatur und zum Leistungsnachweis klicken Sie bitte oben auf den Link "Kommentar". Introductory remarks on UG, Variation and Typology Some recent findings on language variation have come to different conclusions although their major concern has been always the same: How can we explain the fact, that, since the very beginning, natural languages have become what they are: namely: a wide array of different means of expressions of mind for the same referential entities of the world? There are more than 6500 languages if we count all varieties, it will be much more, maybe more than 7000. Alone Australia has more than 330 languages. There are some languages, which are already nearly extinct or non existent since their native speakers either do not show transmission from fathers/mothers generation to the children, or because they exist only in a very restricted number of native speakers and communities of restricted reach (so-called family languages). How can still despite this fact the diversity and variation of languages be explained? In the past three centuries the problem of language variation has become a central issue in relation to the formal and evolutionary study of language from the viewpoint of language evolution, language typology and onto- genesis of language. One of the most prominent fields of concern since Plato has been the question how innate ideas can be internalized and why they must be externalized. For No- am Chomsky, the most prominent peer of generative linguistics in modern times, the lan- guage faculty in the narrow sense (FLN) is nothing but an “‘organ of the body,’ along with other cognitive systems. Our analysis of human language builds on Chomsky’s (1995, 2005, 2010) minimalist assumption that the design of language is grounded in conceptual necessity. Adopting this idea, we expect to find three factors that interact to determine (I-) languages attained: genetic endowment (the topic of Universal Grammar), experience, and principles that are language- or even organism-independent.” (Chomsky 2005:1). In the present class we provide some ideas about how generative research based on Biolinguistics can contribute on a par with the typology of languages to a more profound and sound exploration of language variation. We show this based on some examples from syntax, semantics, phonology, prosody and morphology. The examples we will present are Slavic, Romance and Germanic Languages as prototypes of so-called synthetic or analytic forms of Indo-European family, but also from indigenous languages of North- and South Americas, Africa, Australia and Asia. This course is also an introduction in the study of language typology and study of exotic indigenous languages. Our analysis will concentrate on the verbal systems and the system of adverbs and negation. The Model we work with is Radical Minimalism (Krivochen & Kosta 2013, Kosta & Krivochen 2014abc). The major language we work with is Russian and Czech and English, German, Italian and French.
Literatur	ABELS, K. & A. NEELEMAN. (2009). Universal 20 without the LCA. Merging Features, ed. by BRUCART, J.M. GA- VARRÓ, A. & J. SOLÀ, 60-80. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ADGER, D. & G. TSOULAS (2000). Aspect and Lower VP Adverbials. In: ALEXIADOU, A. & P. SVENONIUS (eds.), Adverbs and Adjunction. (= Linguistics in Potsdam 6), University Potsdam, 1-18. ADGER, D. (2003). Core Syntax. Oxford University Press. ADGER, D. (2008). A Minimalist Theory of Feature Structure. lingBuzz/000583. ADGER, D. & P. SEVENOIUS (2010). Features in Minimalist Syntax. lingBuzz/000825. ALEXIADOU, A. & P. SVENONIUS (2000) (eds.). Adverbs and Adjunction. (= Linguistics in Potsdam 6). Potsdam, ALEXIADOU, A. (1994). Issues in the Syntax of Adverbs. Dissertation Universität Potsdam. ALEXIADOU, A. (1997). Adverb Placement: A Case Study in Antisymmetric Syntax. (= Linguistics today 18). Amsterdam. AUWERA, J. van der (1998) (ed.), Adverbial Constructions in the Languages of Europe. Berlin, New York. BABBY, L. (forthcoming) Affix-Driven Syntax. Oxford. BAILYN, J. (1995). A Configurational Approach to Russian Free Word Order Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell. BAILYN, J. (2001a). “On Scrambling: A Response to Bošković & Takahashi”. In Linguistic Inquiry 32(4): 635-658. BAILYN, J. (2001b). “Inversion, Dislocation and Optionality in Russian”. In U. JUNGHANNS & G. ZYBATOW (eds.) Formale Slavistik 3 University of Leipzig. BAILYN, J. (2002). “Scrambling to Reduce Scrambling”. GLOT International, Vol. 6, No. 4-5 (April, 2002, 83-90 and May, 2002, 109-124) BAILYN, J. (2003a). “Does Russian Scrambling Exist?” In S. Karimi (ed) Word Order and Scrambling Blackwell. BAILYN, J. (2003b). “A (Purely) Derivational Approach to Russian Scrambling” In W. BROWNE et al. (eds.) For- mal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics: The Amherst Meeting, 41-62. BAILYN, J. (2004). “Generalized Inversion.” In Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 22: 1-49. BERWICK, ROBERT C. & NOAM CHOMSKY (2011). The Biolinguistic Program: The Current State of its Evolution and Development. Biolinguistic Investigations, ed. by A.-M. DI SCIULLO & C. AGUERO. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. BIBERAUER, T. & A. HOLMBERG & I. ROBERTS. (2007). Disharmonic word-order systems and the Final-over-Final- Constraint (FOFC). Paper published in the proceedings of XXXIII Incontro di Grammatica Generativa. BŁASZCZAK, J. (2000). Investigation into the Interaction between Indefinites and Negation in Polish. Doctoral dis- sertation, HUB, Berlin. BOECKX, C. (2006). Linguistic Minimalism: Origins, Concepts, Methods and Aims. OUP. BOECKX, C. (2009). The Nature of Merge. Consequences for Language, Mind and Biology. In Piatelli Palmarini et. al. “Of Minds and Language”. Oxford, OUP. BOECKX, C. (2010). Defeating Lexicocentrism. lingBuzz/001130. BOŠKOVIĆ, Ž. (1997). The Syntax of Nonfinite Complementation. An Economy Approach. Cambridge, MA (Lin- guistic Inquiry Monograph Thirty-Two). BOŠKOVIĆ, Ž. (2004). “Topicalization, Focalization, Lexical ion, and Scrambling”. In Linguistic Inquiry 35(4), , 613-638. BOŠKOVIĆ, Ž. & D. Takahashi (1998). “Scrambling and Last Resort.” In Linguistic Inquiry 29: 347-366. CHOMSKY, N. (1981). Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht. CHOMSKY, N. (1993). Some Notes on Economy of Derivation and Representation. In: HALE, K./S. J. KEYSER (eds.), The View from Building 20. Cambridge, MA 1993, 1-52 (reprint in Chomsky 1995, 383- 439). CHOMSKY, N. (1995). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA. CHOMSKY, N. (2000). Minimalist Inquiries: The Framework. In: MARTIN, R./D. MICHAELS/J. URIAGEREKA (eds.), Step by Step: Essays on Minimalism in Honor of Howard Lasnik, Cambridge, MA, 89-155. CHOMSKY, N. (2001). Derivation by Phase. In: KENSTOWICZ, M. (ed.), Ken Hale. A Life in Language. Cambridge, MA, 1-52. CHOMSKY, N. (2004) Beyond Explanatory Adequacy. In Belleti (ed.) “Structures and Beyond”, Oxford, OUP. CHOMSKY, N. (2005a) On Phases. Ms. MIT. CHOMSKY, N. (2005b): Three Factors in Language Design. Linguistic Inquiry, Volume 36, Number 1, Winter 2005 1–22. CHOMSKY, N. (2007) Approaching UG from below. Ms. MIT. CHOMSKY, N. (2009) Opening Remarks. In Piatelli Palmarini et. al. “Of Minds and Language”. Oxford, OUP. CINQUE, G. (1990). Types of Ā-Dependencies. Cambridge, Mass. : The MIT Preess (LIM 17.). CINQUE, G. (1999). Adverbs and Functional Heads: A Crosslinguistic Perspective. New York 1999 (Oxford stud- ies in comparative syntax). COLLINS, C. (2002). Eliminating Labels. In “Derivation and Explanation in the Minimalist Program”, ed. S.D. Ep- stein & T.D. Seeley. Oxford: Blackwell. CROFT, W. (1990). Typology and Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics). DI SCIULLO, A. M. & BOECKX, C. (eds.) (2011). The Biolinguistic Enterprise. New Perspectives on the Evolution and Nature of Human Language Faculty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. EPSTEIN, S. (1999). Un-Principled Syntax and the Derivation of Syntactic Relations. In S. Epstein, and N. Horn- stein (eds.). “Working Minimalism.” Cambridge, MA. MIT Press. EVANS, N. & S. C. LEVINSON. (2009). The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. In Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009) 32, 429–492. FREY, W. & K. PITTNER (1998). Zur Positionierung der Adverbiale im deutschen Mittelfeld. In: Linguistische Ber- ichte 176 (1998), 489-534. FRIEDERICI, A. D., SCHLESEWSKY, M. & C. J. FIEBACH. (2003). Wh-Movement versus Scrambling: the Brain Makes a Difference. In: KARIMI, S. (ed.) Word Order and Scrambling. Blackwell, 325-344. GREWENDORF, G. (2002). Minimalistische Syntax. Tübingen, Basel. GROHMANN, K. K. (2003). “Prolific Domains. On the Anti-Locality of Movement Dependencies”. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. GROHMANN, K. K. (2004). Prolific Domains in the Computational System. In Actas de JEL 2004: Domains. Nantes: AAI, 211-216. HAJIČOVÁ, E. (2000). Presupozice, alegace a akomodace. In: HLADKÁ, Z. & P. KARLÍK (eds.) Čeština – Univer- zália a specifika 2. Sborník konference ve Šlapanicích u Brna 17.-19.11.1999, Brno, 123-130. HALE, K. & S. J. KEYSER (1993). On argument structure and the lexical expression of syntactic relation. The View from Building 20: Essays in Linguistics in Honour of Sylvian Bromberg, edited by K. Hale & S. J. Keyser, 53-109. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. HALE, K. & J. KEYSER (2002) Conflation. Ms. MIT. HASPELMATH, M. (2008). Parametric versus functional explanations of syntactic universals. The Limits of Syntac- tic Variation, ed. by T. Biberauer. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. HAUSER, M., N. CHOMSKY & T. FINCH (2002). The faculty of Language: What is It, Who Has It and How did It Evolve? In “Science”, 298. November, 2002, 1569–1579. HINZEN, W. (2009a). “The successor function + LEX = Human Language,” in K. Grohmann (ed.), InterPhases: Phase-theoretic investigations of linguistic interfaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 25-47. HINZEN, W. (2009b). “Hierarchy, Merge, and Truth,” in M. Piatelli-Palmarini, J. Uriagereka and P. Salabru (eds.), Of minds and language The Basque Country encounter with Noam Chomsky. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 123-141. HORNSTEIN, N. (2003) “On Control”. In Hendricks, (ed). (2003). Minimalist Syntax. Oxford, Blackwell. HORNSTEIN, N. & P. PIETROSKI (2009). Basic Operations: Minimal Syntax-Semantics. In “Catalan Journal of Lin- guistics” n°8 HUANG, C.-T. J. (1982) .Logical Relations in Chinese and the Theory of Grammar, PhD thesis, MIT. JACKENDOFF, R. (2002). Foundations of Language. OUP. JACKENDOFF, R. & F. LERDAHL (2004). The Capacity for Music: What Is It, and What ́s Special About It? In Cog- nition, 2004. JUNGHANNS, U. (1997). Features and Movement. In: ALEXIADOU, A. et al. (eds.), ZAS Papers in Linguistics 9, Berlin 1997, 74-88. JUNGHANNS, U. (2006). Scope conflicts involving sentential negation in Czech. In BROWN, S. & A. PRZEPIÓRKOW- SKI (eds.) Negation in Slavic. Bloomington, Indiana: Slavica Publishers, 105-133. KATZ, J. & D. PESETSKY (2011). The Identity Thesis between Language and Music. Downloaded from http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/people/faculty/pesetsky/KP_paper_music_v2 KAYNE, R. S. (1994). The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge, MA 1994. KAYNE, R. S. (2005). Some notes on comparative syntax, with special reference to English and French. In: GUG- LIELMO CINQUE & RICHARD S. KAYNE (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Syntax, 3–69. New York: Oxford University Press. [Reprinted as chap. 12 in KAYNE, RICHARD S. 2005. Movement and Silence. New York: Oxford University Press.] KOSTA, P. (1992). Leere Kategorien in den nordslavischen Sprachen. Zur Analyse leerer Subjekte und Objekte in der Rektions-Bindungstheorie. Frankfurt am Main [unpublished Habilitation Thesis. Available online: http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/slavistik/wsw/habil/habil.htm ] KOSTA, P. (1999). Spracherwerb und Sprachwandel: Zur Erklärung von Grammatikalisierungserscheinungen im Slavischen. In Vertograd mnogocvětnyj: Festschrift für Helmut Jachnow / W. Girke A. Guski A. Kretschmer (eds.). München: Sagner, 1999 (Speciminae philologiae slavicae Suppl.bd. 64), S. 131-144. KOSTA, P. (2001). Negace a vĕtná struktura v češtinĕ. In: KARLÍK, P./Z. HLADKÁ (eds.) (2001), Čeština – Univerzália a specifika III, Brno 2001, 117-138. KOSTA, P. (2002a). Minimalism and Free Constituent Order (in Russian as Compared to German). In: Current Approaches to Formal Slavic Linguistics. Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Formal De- scription of Slavic Languages (FDSL II), held at Potsdam University, November 20-22, 1997 (eds. P. KOSTA/J. FRASEK), Frankfurt am Main usw. 2002a, 253-272. KOSTA, P. (2002b) Klitika im Slavischen: Sind sie immer optimal? In: ZfSl 47 (2002b) 2, 127-146. KOSTA, P. (2003). Negation and Adverbs in Czech. In: KOSTA, P. & J. BŁASZCZAK & J. FRASEK & L. GEIST & M. ŻYGIS (eds.). Investigations into Formal Slavic Linguistics. Proceedings of the Fourth International Euro- pean Conference on Formal Description of Slavic Languages (FDSL IV), Potsdam, November 28-30, 2001, Frankfurt am Main usw. 2003, 617-632. KOSTA, P. (2005). Die Faszination der Stille oder wie erwirbt ein Kind leere Kategorien? – Unter der Einbezi- ehung primärsprachlicher Daten aus dem Korpus „CHILDES“. In ZfSl 50 (2005) 4, 417-443. KOSTA, P. (2006). On free word order phenomena in Czech as compared to German: Is Clause Internal Scram- bling A-movement, A-Bar-Movement or Is It Base Generated? In: Zeitschrift für Slawistik 51 (2006) 3, S. 306-321. KOSTA, P. (2010). Causatives and Anti-Causatives, Unaccusatives and Unergatives: Or How Big is the Contribu- tion of the Lexicon to Syntax? In: ALEŠ BIČAN, JAN KLAŠKA, PETRA MACUROVÁ & JANA ZMRZLÍKOVÁ (eds.) Karlík a továrna na lingvistiku. Prof. Petru Karlíkovi k šedesátým narozeninám. Brno, Masarykova univerzita, 230-273. 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Kommentar

Für weitere Informationen zum Kommentar, zur Literatur und zum Leistungsnachweis klicken Sie bitte oben auf den Link "Kommentar".

Introductory remarks on UG, Variation and Typology
Some recent findings on language variation have come to different conclusions although their major concern has been always the same: How can we explain the fact, that, since the very beginning, natural languages have become what they are: namely: a wide array of different means of expressions of mind for the same referential entities of the world? There are more than 6500 languages if we count all varieties, it will be much more, maybe more than 7000. Alone Australia has more than 330 languages. There are some languages, which are already nearly extinct or non existent since their native speakers either do not show transmission from fathers/mothers generation to the children, or because they exist only in a very restricted number of native speakers and communities of restricted reach (so-called family languages).

How can still despite this fact the diversity and variation of languages be explained? In the past three centuries the problem of language variation has become a central issue in relation to the formal and evolutionary study of language from the viewpoint of language evolution, language typology and onto- genesis of language. One of the most prominent fields of concern since Plato has been the question how innate ideas can be internalized and why they must be externalized. For No- am Chomsky, the most prominent peer of generative linguistics in modern times, the lan- guage faculty in the narrow sense (FLN) is nothing but an “‘organ of the body,’ along with other cognitive systems. Our analysis of human language builds on Chomsky’s (1995, 2005, 2010) minimalist assumption that the design of language is grounded in conceptual necessity. Adopting this idea, we expect to find three factors that interact to determine (I-) languages attained: genetic endowment (the topic of Universal Grammar), experience, and principles that are language- or even organism-independent.” (Chomsky 2005:1). In the present class we provide some ideas about how generative research based on Biolinguistics can contribute on a par with the typology of languages to a more profound and sound exploration of language variation. We show this based on some examples from syntax, semantics, phonology, prosody and morphology. The examples we will present are Slavic, Romance and Germanic Languages as prototypes of so-called synthetic or analytic forms of Indo-European family, but also from indigenous languages of North- and South Americas, Africa, Australia and Asia. This course is also an introduction in the study of language typology and study of exotic indigenous languages. Our analysis will concentrate on the verbal systems and the system of adverbs and negation. The Model we work with is Radical Minimalism (Krivochen & Kosta 2013, Kosta & Krivochen 2014abc). The major language we work with is Russian and Czech and English, German, Italian and French.

Literatur

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